Fluidized bed hydrogenation process

The fluidized bed hydrocracking process was first jointly developed by the U.S. Hydrocarbon Research Corporation (HRI) and the City Service Company, and the process name was hydrogen-oil (H-Oil) hydrocracking process. The first H-Oil hydrocracking unit was built in the Charles Lake Refinery in the United States in 1963, with a designed annual processing capacity of 300,000 tons, mainly for the production of low-sulfur coking raw materials.

In 1969, the second set of fluidized bed hydrocracking (H-Oil) unit was built at Kuwait National Petroleum Corporation Shueba Refinery, with a designed annual processing capacity of 1.44 million tons. After the transformation in the early 1980s, the annual processing capacity of the unit It has reached 2.65 million tons.

In 1970, the third set of H-Oil unit was built at the Beiwei Refinery of Humber Oil Company in the United States, and the fourth set of fluidized bed hydrocracking unit was built at the Salamenca Refinery of Mexican Petroleum Company in 1972. However, due to various reasons, the 4 sets of fluidized bed hydrocracking (H-Oil) units built in the 1970s have not been started smoothly, especially the H-OIL unit at the Hampbell Bayway Refinery in 1973, which only started for 100 days. , A serious accident of reactor explosion occurred. This explosion accident caused the entire H-Oil device to be destroyed.

In 1974, a detailed investigation and analysis of the explosion accident was carried out. The results of the investigation showed that the reactor explosion accident was caused by engineering problems. The H-Oil process technology itself has no technical problems and still has great development potential.

In 1975, the city service company changed to cooperate with Lummus, and the fluidized bed hydrocracking process was renamed the LC-Fining process. The Hydrocarbon Research Company (HRI) and Texaco (Texaco) cooperated and still refer to this fluidized bed hydrocracking process as the H-Oil process.

By the mid-1980s, fluidized bed hydrocracking process technology and engineering technology were becoming mature, especially due to the improvement of reactor internals and the emergence of second-generation catalysts, which greatly improved the efficiency and operating severity of the reaction system, and Product quality has also been greatly improved, and a large number of industrial installations have been built.

The world’s first large-scale LC-FINING plant is the Texascity refinery in Texas owned by AMOCO in the United States. It was completed and put into operation in 1984, with a designed annual processing capacity of 3.3 million tons of vacuum residue, usually 30%-40% of Mexico Vacuum residue of MAYA crude oil.

In August 1988, Canada's SYNCRUDE refinery built the second LC-Fining unit, with a designed processing capacity of 40,000 BPSD and processing Athabasca pitch (>566°C fraction accounts for 51%). The processing capacity has reached 45,000 BPSD, and it is planned to reach 50,000 BPSD. Unconverted tail oil As the feedstock for the coking unit of the plant, it improves the yield of coking products and reduces SO2 emissions. The third set of LC-Fining plant is the Agip plant of Mediternaea Refining Company in Milazzo, Siciliy, Italy. The plant is designed to produce low-sulfur fuel oil with a design conversion rate of 80%. Construction started in 1995.

A total of 13 sets of residue fluidized bed hydrotreating units were built, including 9 sets of H-oil devices and 4 sets of LC-Fining devices. Another 3 sets of LC-Fining devices are being designed and constructed.